Furthermore, certain patient safety indicators, such as postoperative hemorrhage, may be relevant only to hospital-level surgical specialties. For example, death occurring in a patient with an expected low-mortality diagnosis may be a natural clinical consequence rather than a result of an adverse event. 8 However, incidents derived from administrative data cannot always be confirmed as actual adverse events. This is considered an effective alternative to other more resource-intensive methods. Patient safety indicators capture potential adverse events by screening hospital discharge data. 3 However, the reporting rate is a major concern in terms of incident reporting system effectiveness 5, 6 systems with low reporting rates cannot reliably or accurately measure the burden of adverse events. 3, 4 Incident reporting is now widely adopted by healthcare-governing agencies in developed countries. Each applies a different methodology to measure adverse events and requires varying amounts of resources. 2 Commonly used patient safety performance indicators or measurement methods include incident reporting, patient safety indicators, and trigger tool methods. However, it is difficult to capture adverse events in medical services. 1 An adverse event is defined as physical injury or potential harm arising from medical services or interventions. A reliable, feasible, and valid monitoring system to identify adverse events and errors can enhance patient safety in the emergency department (ED).
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